For twenty years, southern Sudan has been the site of a tragic and brutal civil war, pitting the northernbased Arab and Islamic government against rebels in African marginalized areas, especially the south. More than two million people have died and four million have been displaced as a result. In 1999, anew element radically changed the war Sudanese oil, located in the south, was firs exported by the central government. The human price of this bonanza is immeasurable. The government, using oil revenues and aided by coopted southerners, rained a scorched earth campaign of mass displacement, bombing, and terror on the agropastoral southern civilians living in and near the oil zones. The displaced number in the hundreds of thousands.

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